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</div>
		
<A name="G" class="lllkey">G</A>
<br>
		
<span> Fifth letter of a <A href="n.php#national_association_of_securities_dealers_automatic_quotation_system">Nasdaq</A> stock symbol specifying that the issue is the first convertible bond of the company.</span>
<br>
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<A name="G.A." class="lllkey">GA</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GABON.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="g.a.a.p." class="lllkey">GAAP</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#generally_accepted_accounting_principals">Generally Accepted Accounting Principles</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.B." class="lllkey">GB</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  UNITED KINGDOM.</span>
<br>
<br>   
	
		
<A name="g.b.p." class="lllkey">GBP</A>
<br>
		
<span>
 Pound Sterling
currency</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gbp" class="lllkey">GBP</A>
<br>
		
<span>The <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 4217 currency code for the United Kingdom Pound.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="G.D." class="lllkey">GD</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  GRENADA.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="g.d.p." class="lllkey">GDP</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#gross_domestic_product">Gross Domestic Product</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.E." class="lllkey">GE</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GEORGIA.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="G.F." class="lllkey">  GF</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for FRENCH GUIANA.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.H." class="lllkey">GH</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GHANA.</span>
<br>
<br>   
	
		
<A name="G.I." class="lllkey">GI</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GIBRALTAR.</span>
<br>
<br>   
	
		
<A name="g.i.c." class="lllkey">GIC</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#guaranteed_investment_contract">Guaranteed Investment Contract</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.L." class="lllkey">GL</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  GREENLAND.</span>
<br>
<br>  
	
		
<A name="g.n.p." class="lllkey">GNP</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#gross_national_product">Gross National Product</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.M." class="lllkey">GM</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GAMBIA.</span>
<br>
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<A name="g.m.c." class="lllkey">GMC</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#guaranteed_mortgage_certificate">Guaranteed Mortgage Certificate</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.N." class="lllkey">GN</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  GUINEA.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.P." class="lllkey">GP</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  GUADELOUPE.</span>
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<br>
	
		
<A name="g.p.m." class="lllkey">GPM</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#graduated_payment_mortgages">Graduated Payment Mortgages</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.Q." class="lllkey">  GQ</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for EQUATORIAL GUINEA.</span>
<br>
<br>   
	
		
<A name="G.R." class="lllkey">GR</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GREECE.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.S." class="lllkey">GS</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for SOUTH GEORGIA AND THE SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="G.T." class="lllkey">GT</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for GUATEMALA.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="g.t.c." class="lllkey">GTC</A>
<br>
		
<span> See: <A href="g.php#good_til_cancelled">Good 'til cancelled order</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.U." class="lllkey">GU</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  GUAM.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.W." class="lllkey">GW</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for  GUINEA-BISSAU.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="G.Y." class="lllkey">GY</A>
<br>
		
<span>The two-character <A href="i.php#international_standards_organization">ISO</A> 3166 country code for the for  GUYANA.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gadfly" class="lllkey">Gadfly </A>
<br>
		
<span>A nickname for a "professional" securityholder who owns <A href="">stock</A> in various companies, attends annual meetings and asks senior management hard and often embarrassing questions.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gaijin" class="lllkey">Gaijin</A>
<br>
		
<span>Japanese term used to describe a nonJapanese <A href="i.php#investor">investor</A> in Japan.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gain" class="lllkey">Gain</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="p.php#profit">profit</A> on a <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> <A href="t.php#transaction">transaction</A> recognized by selling a <A href="s.php#security">security</A> for more than the  <A href="s.php#security">security</A> originally cost.  The gain is the difference between the cost and the sale.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gamma" class="lllkey">Gamma</A>
<br>
		
<span>The ratio of a change in the <A href="o.php#option">option</A> <A href="d.php#delta">delta</A> to a small change in the price of the <A href="a.php#asset">asset</A> on which the option is <A href="w.php#write">written</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gap" class="lllkey">Gap</A>
<br>
		
<span>Financing that is required, but for which no provision has been made.  The difference in total funding needed for a proposal and the amount of funding already made available.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gap_opening" class="lllkey">Gap opening</A>
<br>
		
<span>In the context of general equities, <A href="o.php#opening_price">opening price</A> that is substantially higher or lower than the previous day's <A href="c.php#close">closing price</A>, usually because of some extraordinarily positive or negative news.</span>
<br>
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<A name="garage" class="lllkey">Garage</A>
<br>
		
<span>The floor of the <A href="n.php#n.y.s.e.">NYSE</A>, which is situated on the north side of the main <A href="t.php#trade">trading</A> <A href="f.php#floor">floor</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="garbatrage" class="lllkey">Garbatrage</A>
<br>
		
<span>Rising <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> prices and increased <A href="m.php#market">market</A> activity in an entire <A href="s.php#sector">sector</A> caused by a psychology change stemming from a major <A href="t.php#takeover">takeover</A> involving two companies in the <A href="s.php#sector">sector</A>.  <A href="s.php#speculator">Speculators</A> feel other takeovers are likely in the <A href="s.php#sector">sector</A>.  See: <A href="r.php#rumortrage">Rumortrage</A>. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="garmen_kohlhagen_option _pricing_model" class="lllkey">Garman-Kohlhagen option pricing model</A>
<br>
		
<span>A model widely used to price <A href="f.php#foreign_currency_option">foreign currency options</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gather_in_the_stops" class="lllkey">Gather in the stops</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="m.php#market">market</A> strategy in which <A href="i.php#investor">investors</A> sell <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> to drive prices to a level that breaks through <A href="s.php#stop_order">stop orders</A> known to exist. Once the price is low enough, the <A href="s.php#stop_order">stop orders</A> become <A href="m.php#market_order">market orders</A> and are <A href="e.php#execution">executed</A>, to create <A href="s.php#snowballing">snowballing</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gaussian" class="lllkey">Gaussian</A>
<br>
		
<span>A system whose probabilities are well described by the <A href="s.php#standardized_normal_distribution">normal distribution</A>, or
bell shaped curve.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="gdp_implicit_price_deflator" class="lllkey">GDP implicit price deflator</A>
<br>
		
<span>An economic technique used to account for inflation by comparing the current-dollar <A href="g.php#gross_domestic_product">gross domestic product GDP</A> to constant-dollar GDP as a ratio.  The ratio accounts for price changes of goods and services that make up GDP and changes in the composite of GDP.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gearing" class="lllkey">Gearing</A>
<br>
		
<span>Financial <A href="l.php#leverage">leverage</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gems" class="lllkey">GEM (growing equity mortgage)</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="m.php#mortgage">Mortgage</A> in which annual increases in monthly payments are used to reduce <A href="o.php#outstanding">outstanding</A> <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> and to shorten the term of the <A href="l.php#loan">loan</A>. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_average" class="lllkey">General Average</A>
<br>
		
<span>Provision in maritime law where all shippers on a given voyage would reimburse the ship line in the event of vessel sinking or catastrophic damage. It also provides for the reimbursement to those shippers whose cargo was thrown overboard in order to save the vessel. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_avarage_contribution" class="lllkey">General Average Contribution</A>
<br>
		
<span> The amount of money paid by each shipper involved in a <A href="g.php#general_average">General Average</A>. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_account" class="lllkey">General account</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="f.php#federal_reserve_board">Federal Reserve Board's</A> term for a <A href="m.php#margin_account">margin account</A> provided to a customer by a brokerage firm.  Governed by <A href="r.php#regulation_t">Regulation T</A> of the FED.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_agreement_on_Tariffs_and_trade" class="lllkey">General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)</A>
<br>
		
<span>A treaty adopted by the United Nations aimed at elimination of international trade barriers between member countries.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_cash_offer_" class="lllkey">General cash offer</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="p.php#public_offering">public offering</A> made to <A href="i.php#investor">investors</A> at large.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="generic_credit_spread" class="lllkey">Generic credit spread</A>
<br>
		
<span>Refers to the corporate bond spread for a particular credit rating and expiry.
For example,  10-year single A corporates were priced or trading at 130 basis points above Treasuries last 
night, or said diffrently, 
130 is the generic credit spread for 10-year single A corporates. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_ledger" class="lllkey">General ledger</A>
<br>
		
<span>Accounting records that show all the financial statement accounts of a business.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_lien" class="lllkey">General lien</A>
<br>
		
<span>An attachment that gives the <A href="l.php#lender">lender</A> the right to seize the personal property of a borrower who has not fulfilled the obligations of the loan, but prevents the lender from seizing real property.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_loan_and_collateral_agreement" class="lllkey">General loan and collateral agreement</A>
<br>
		
<span>The agreement governing the <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A>-<A href="d.php#dealer">dealer's</A> <A href="b.php#borrow">borrowing</A> against listed <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> from a bank for the purpose of carrying on business and making <A href="t.php#transaction">transactions</A>.  See: <A href="b.php#broker_loan_rate">Broker loan rate</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_mortgage" class="lllkey">General mortgage</A>
<br>
		
<span>A type of obligation that covers all a borrower's mortgageable properties, not just one specific property.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_obligation_bonds" class="lllkey">General obligation bonds</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="m.php#municipal_bond">Municipal</A> securities secured by the<A href="i.php#issuer"> issuer's</A> pledge of its full faith, credit, and taxing power.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_order" class="lllkey">General Order</A>
<br>
		
<span>A penalty imposed on imported goods that are not promptly cleared through customs.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_partner" class="lllkey">General partner</A>
<br>
		
<span> A participant who has <A href="u.php#unlimited_liability">unlimited liability</A> for the obligations of a  <A href="p.php#partnership">partnership</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_partnership" class="lllkey">General partnership</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="p.php#partnership">partnership</A> in which all participants are <A href="g.php#general_partner">general partners</A>.&nbsp;</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="general_revenue" class="lllkey">General revenue</A>
<br>
		
<span>The sum of taxes, charges, and miscellaneous income taken in at the state and local level while neglecting overlapping revenue which may be erroneously counted twice.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="generally_accepted_accounting_principals" class="lllkey">Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)</A>
<br>
		
<span>The overall conventions, rules, and procedures that define accepted accounting practice at a particular time in the U.S.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="generation_skipping_transfer_or_trust" class="lllkey">Generation-skipping transfer or trust</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="t.php#trust">trust</A> in which a <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> amount is placed in a <A href="t.php#trust">trust</A> on the death of person A and is transferred to A's grandchildren when A's children die.  The income from the <A href="t.php#trust">trust</A> goes to the children of person A while they survive.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="generic" class="lllkey">Generic</A>
<br>
		
<span>Describes the characteristics and/or experience of the total universe of a <A href="c.php#coupon">coupon</A> of <A href="m.php#mortgage_backed_securities">MBS</A> sector type; that is, in contrast to a specific pool or collateral group, as in a specific <A href="c.php#collateralized_mortgage_obligation">CMO</A> <A href="i.php#issue">issue</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="genetic_algorithms" class="lllkey">Genetic Algorithms</A>
<br>
		
<span>Models that optimize rules by mimicking the Darwinian Law of survival of
the fittest. A set of rules are chosen by those that work the best. The weakest are
discarded. In addition, two successful rules can be combined (the equivalent to genetic
cross-overs) to produce offspring rules. The offspring can replace the parents, or they will
be discarded if less successful than the parents. Mutation is also accomplished by
randomly changing elements. Mutation and cross-over occur with low probability, as in
nature.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="geographic_risk" class="lllkey">Geographic risk</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="r.php#risk">Risk</A> that arises when an <A href="i.php#issuer">issuer</A> issues policies concentrated within certain geographic areas, such as the risk of damage from a hurricane or an earthquake.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="geometric_mean_return" class="lllkey">Geometric mean return</A>
<br>
		
<span>Also called the <A href="t.php#time_weighted_rate_of_return">time-weighted rate of return</A>, a measure of the <A href="c.php#compounding">compound</A> rate of growth of the initial <A href="p.php#portfolio">portfolio</A> <A href="m.php#market_value">market value</A> during the evaluation period, assuming that all cash distributions are reinvested in the portfolio. It is computed by taking the geometric average of the <A href="p.php#portfolio">portfolio</A> <A href="s.php#subperiod_return">subperiod returns</A>. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gestation_repo" class="lllkey">Gestation repo</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="r.php#reverse_repo">reverse repurchase</A> agreement between <A href="m.php#mortgage">mortgage</A> firms and <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> <A href="d.php#dealer">dealers</A>. Under the agreement, the firm sells federal <A href="a.php#agency">agency</A>-guaranteed <A href="m.php#mortgage_backed_securities">MBS</A> and simultaneously agrees to repurchase them at a future date at a fixed price. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="get_hit" class="lllkey">Get hit</A>
<br>
		
<span>Go lower in price, when <A href="b.php#bid">bids</A> in the <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> or <A href="m.php#market">market</A> are <A href="h.php#hit_the_bid">hit</A>, causing those bids to vanish and be replaced by lower ones.  <A href="c.php#come_in">Come in</A>.  Antithesis of <A href="o.php#on_the_take">on the take</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="get_out" class="lllkey">Get out</A>
<br>
		
<span>Used in the context of general equities. Sell interest ("We could get out big size in Humana.")</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="ghosting" class="lllkey">Ghosting</A>
<br>
		
<span>The illegal practice that one firm drives a <A href="s.php#stock">stock's</A> price higher or lower, while other conspiring firms follow its lead to influence up the price of the stock.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gift_splitting" class="lllkey">Gift splitting</A>
<br>
		
<span>A technique used to avoid a <A href="g.php#gift_tax">gift tax</A> in which a large sum of money to be given by two parents to a child is halved and given to the child separately  For example, a husband and wife each donate $10,000 to their child rather than one parent donating $20,000.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gift_tax" class="lllkey">Gift tax</A>
<br>
		
<span>A tax assessed on the giver of a property or <A href="a.php#asset">asset</A> as a gift. A $10,000 federal gift tax exemption exists per recipient. See: <A href="g.php#gift_splitting">Gift splitting</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gift_inter_vivso" class="lllkey">Gift inter vivos</A>
<br>
		
<span>A piece of property or <A href="a.php#asset">asset</A> given from one living person to another.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gilt_edged_securities" class="lllkey">Gilt-edged securities</A>
<br>
		
<span>British and Irish government securities. <A href="b.php#blue_chip_company">Blue Chip</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gilts" class="lllkey">Gilts</A>
<br>
		
<span>British and Irish government securities. <A href="b.php#blue_chip_company">Blue Chip</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="ginnie_mae" class="lllkey">Ginnie Mae</A>
<br>
		
<span>See: <A href="g.php#government_national_mortgage_association">Government National Mortgage Association</A></span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="ginnie_mae_pass_through" class="lllkey">Ginnie Mae pass-through</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="s.php#security">security</A> guaranteed by the <A href="g.php#government_national_mortgage_association">Government National Mortgage Association</A> that is backed by a collection of <A href="m.php#mortgage">mortgages</A>, in which the <A href="i.php#investor">investor</A> receives the <A href="i.php#interest">interest</A> and <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> payments of participating homeowners. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="give_up" class="lllkey">Give up</A>
<br>
		
<span>Used for listed equity <A href="s.php#security">securities</A>. (1) Term used in a securities transaction involving three <A href="b.php#broker">brokers</A>, as follows: Broker A, a <A href="f.php#floor_broker">floor broker</A>, <A href="e.php#execution">executes</A> a buy <A href="o.php#order">order</A> for broker B (a <A href="m.php#member_firm">member firm </A>broker who has too much business at the time to <A href="e.php#execution">execute</A> the order).  The broker with whom broker A completes the transaction (the sell-side broker) is broker C.  Broker A  "gives up" the name of broker B, so that the record shows a transaction between broker B and broker C even though the <A href="t.php#trade">trade</A> is actually executed between broker A and broker C; (2) distribution of commissions to brokerage houses not participating in a trade.  This is a grey area of the law governing reimbursement of a broker for services (e.g., research).  See: Directed brokerage.</span>
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<A name="glamor_stock" class="lllkey">Glamor stock</A>
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<span>A popular <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> characterized by high earnings growth rate and a price that rise is faster than the <A href="m.php#market">market</A> <A href="a.php#average">average</A> in a <A href="b.php#bull">bull</A> market.</span>
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<A name="global_depositary_receipt" class="lllkey">Global Depository Receipt</A>
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<span>A receipt denoting ownership of foreign-based corporation <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> <A href="s.php#shares">shares</A> which are <A href="t.php#trade">traded</A> in numerous <A href="c.php#capital_market">capital markets</A> around the world.</span>
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<A name="glass_steagall_act" class="lllkey">Glass-Steagall Act</A>
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<span>1933 legislation prohibiting commercial banks to own, <A href="u.php#underwrite">underwrite</A>, or deal in corporate stock and<A href="c.php#corporate_bonds"> corporate bonds</A>.</span>
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<A name="global_bonds" class="lllkey">Global bonds</A>
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<span><A href="b.php#bond">Bonds</A> designed to qualify for immediate trading in any domestic <A href="c.php#capital_market">capital market</A> and in the Euromarket.</span>
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<A name="global_fund" class="lllkey">Global fund</A>
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<span>A <A href="m.php#mutual_fund">mutual fund</A> that can invest anywhere in the world, including the U.S.</span>
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<A name="globalization" class="lllkey">Globalization</A>
<br>
		
<span>Tendency toward a worldwide investment environment, and the integration of national <A href="c.php#capital_market">capital markets</A>.&nbsp;</span>
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<A name="gnma_i" class="lllkey">GNMA-I</A>
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<span><A href="m.php#mortgage_backed_securities">Mortgage-backed securities (M.B.S.</A>) on which registered <A href="h.php#holding_company">holders</A> receive separate <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> and interest payments on each of their certificates, usually directly from the servicer of the M.B.S. pool. <A href="g.php#government_national_mortgage_association">GNMA-I</A> mortgage-backed securities are single-<A href="i.php#issuer">issuer</A> pools.</span>
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<A name="gnma_ii" class="lllkey">GNMA-II</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="m.php#mortgage_backed_securities">Mortgage-backed securities (M.B.S.</A>) on which registered <A href="h.php#holding_company">holders</A> receive an <A href="a.php#aggregation">aggregate</A> <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> and interest payment from a central paying <A href="a.php#agent">agent</A> on all their certificates. <A href="p.php#principal">Principal</A> and <A href="i.php#interest">interest</A> payments are disbursed on the 20th day of the month. <A href="g.php#government_national_mortgage_association">GNMA-II</A> M.B.S. are backed by multiple-<A href="i.php#issuer">issuer</A> pools or custom pools (one issuer but different interest rates that may vary within one percentage point). <A href="m.php#multiple_issuer_pools">Multiple-issuer pools</A> are known as "<A href="j.php#jumbo_loan">jumbos."</A> Jumbo pools are generally longer and offer certain mortgages that are more geographically diverse than single-issuer pools. Jumbo pool mortgage interest rates may vary within one percentage point. </span>
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<A name="gnma_midget" class="lllkey">GNMA Midget</A>
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<span>A <A href="g.php#government_national_mortgage_association">GNMA</A> pass-through certificate backed by <A href="f.php#fixed_rate_loan">fixed-rate mortgages</A> with a 15-year <A href="m.php#maturity">maturity</A>. GNMA Midget is a <A href="d.php#dealer">dealer</A> term and is not used by GNMA in the formal description of its programs. </span>
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<A name="gnomes" class="lllkey">Gnomes</A>
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<span><A href="f.php#freddie_mac">Freddie Mac's</A> 15-year fixed-rate <A href="p.php#pass_through_securities">pass-through securities</A> <A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> under its cash program.</span>
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<A name="go_along" class="lllkey">Go along</A>
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<span> Used for listed equity <A href="s.php#security">securities</A>. <A href="b.php#buy">Buy</A> or sell at prices that randomly occur on the floor, participating in what <A href="t.php#trade">trades</A> the <A href="s.php#specialist">specialist</A> and other <A href="p.php#player">players</A> will allow.</span>
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<A name="go_around" class="lllkey">Go around</A>
<br>
		
<span>Describes the N.Y. Federal Reserve Bank's trading desk practice of communicating with primary  <A href="d.php#dealer">dealers</A> to establish a <A href="m.php#market">market</A> of <A href="b.php#bid">bids</A> and <A href="o.php#offer">offers</A> on behalf of the <A href="f.php#federal_open_market_committee">Federal Open Market Committee</A>.</span>
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<A name="goal" class="lllkey">Goal</A>
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<span>An individual's or institution's financial objective.</span>
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<A name="godfather_offer" class="lllkey">Godfather offer</A>
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<span>An aggressive <A href="t.php#takeover">takeover</A> technique in that the proposed offer of the acquiring company is so large that management of the <A href="t.php#target_company">target company</A> cannot refuse, out of fear of lawsuits or <A href="s.php#shareholders">shareholder</A> revolt.</span>
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<A name="go_go_fund" class="lllkey">Go-go fund</A>
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<span>A type of <A href="m.php#mutual_fund">mutual fund</A> in highly aggressive <A href="g.php#growth_stock">growth stocks</A>.  The fund has high levels of risk and potential <A href="r.php#return">return</A>.</span>
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<A name="go_to" class="lllkey">Go to</A>
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<span> Used in the context of general equities. Sell interest ("we've got 50 IBM to go".).</span>
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<A name="goes" class="lllkey">Goes </A>
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<span>Used in the context of general equities. (1) <A href="t.php#trade">Trades</A> ("10 IBM goes on at 115 "); see <A href="p.php#print">Print;</A> (2) indicates a change in the <A href="s.php#stock">stock's</A> <A href="i.php#inside_market"> inside market </A> ("Apple goes 3/4 <A href="b.php#bid">bid</A>").</span>
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<A name="going_ahead" class="lllkey">Going ahead</A>
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<span>A <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A>-<A href="d.php#dealer">dealer</A> <A href="t.php#trade">trades</A> in a personal <A href="a.php#account">account</A> prior to filling the <A href="o.php#order">orders</A> of his or her clients. Prohibited by the <A href="n.php#n.a.s.d.">NASD</A> rules of fair practice.</span>
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<A name="going_away" class="lllkey">Going away</A>
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<span>The type of <A href="b.php#bond">bond</A> purchased by <A href="d.php#dealer">dealers</A> for immediate resale to <A href="i.php#investor">investors</A>, as opposed to purchasing <A href="b.php#bond">bond</A>, to hold for some amount of time, and then reselling it at a future date.</span>
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<A name="going_concern_value" class="lllkey">Going-concern value</A>
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<span>The value of a company to another company or individual in terms of an operating business.  The difference between a company's going-concern value and its <A href="a.php#asset">asset</A> or <A href="l.php#liquidation_value">liquidation value</A> is deemed goodwill and plays a major role in <A href="m.php#merger">mergers</A> and <A href="a.php#acquisition">acquisitions</A>.</span>
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<A name="going_long" class="lllkey">Going long</A>
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<span>The <A href="i.php#investor">investor's</A> purchase of a <A href="s.php#security">security</A> for <A href="i.php#investment">investment</A> or speculation that the price will rise resulting in a <A href="p.php#profit">profit</A> once the <A href="s.php#security">security</A> is sold. See:: <A href="l.php#long_position">long position</A>.  Antithesis of <A href="g.php#going_short">going short</A>.</span>
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<A name="going_out" class="lllkey">Going out</A>
<br>
		
<span>Used in the context of general equities. Soliciting/advertising over the <A href="s.php#ss1">SS1</A>, <A href="n.php#n.a.s.d.a.q.s.">NASDSAQ</A>, or <A href="a.php#autex">Autex</A>.</span>
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<A name="going_private_transactions" class="lllkey">Going private</A>
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<span>When publicly owned <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> in a firm is replaced with complete <A href="e.php#equity">equity</A> ownership by a private group. The firm is <A href="d.php#delisting">delisted</A> on stock <A href="e.php#exchange">exchanges</A> and can no longer be purchased in the open <A href="m.php#market">markets</A>. </span>
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<A name="going_public" class="lllkey">Going public </A>
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<span>When a private company first <A href="o.php#offer">offers</A>  <A href="s.php#shares">shares</A> to the public <A href="m.php#market">market</A> and <A href="i.php#investor">investors</A>. See: <A href="i.php#i.p.o.">IPO</A>.</span>
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<A name="going_short" class="lllkey">Going short</A>
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<span>Selling stock that an investor does not own by <A href="b.php#borrow">borrowing</A> <A href="s.php#shares">shares</A> from a <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A>.  The assumption is that the price will fall. The <A href="i.php#investor">investor</A> then buys (covers the <A href="s.php#short">short</A>) the <A href="s.php#shares">shares</A> at a lower price than what they were sold for, recognizing the difference as a <A href="p.php#profit">profit</A>.  Antithesis of going long.</span>
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<A name="going_into_the_trade" class="lllkey">Going into the trade</A>
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<span> Used in the context of general equities. 1) Condition of the traders <A href="p.php#position">position </A>in the <A href="s.php#security">security</A> and expectations of <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> placement with accounts just prior to taking an order to the exchange floor for <A href="e.php#execution">execution</A>; 2) On the way in. Antithesis of <A href="c.php#come_out_of_the_trade">come out of the trade</A>.</span>
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<A name="gold_bars" class="lllkey">Gold bars</A>
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<span>Bars with a minimum content of 99.5% gold, which may be held by central banks or <A href="t.php#trade">traded</A> by <A href="i.php#investor">investors</A>.</span>
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<A name="gold_bond" class="lllkey">Gold bond</A>
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<span><A href="b.php#bond">Bonds</A> <A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> by gold-mining companies and backed by gold.  The <A href="b.php#bond">bonds</A> make <A href="i.php#interest">interest</A> payments based on the level of gold prices.</span>
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<A name="gold_bullion" class="lllkey">Gold bullion</A>
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<span>Investment-grade, pure gold, which may be smelted into <A href="g.php#gold_coins">gold coins</A> or <A href="g.php#gold_bars">gold bars</A>.</span>
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<A name="gold_certificate" class="lllkey">Gold certificate</A>
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<span>Certificate of an <A href="i.php#investor">investor</A>, that shows proof of ownership of <A href="g.php#gold_bullion">gold bullion</A>.</span>
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<A name="gold_coins" class="lllkey">Gold coins</A>
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<span>Coin minted in gold, such as the American Eagle or the Canadian Maple Leaf.</span>
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<A name="gold_exchange_standard" class="lllkey">Gold exchange standard</A>
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<span>A fixed <A href="e.php#exchange_rate">exchange rate</A> system adopted in the <A href="b.php#bretton_woods_agreement">Bretton Woods agreement</A>. It required the U.S. to peg the dollar to gold and other countries to peg their currencies to the dollar.</span>
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<A name="gold_fixing" class="lllkey">Gold fixing</A>
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<span>The process of determining the price of gold based on supply and demand forces of the <A href="m.php#market">market</A>; which occurs twice daily in London.</span>
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<A name="gold_mutual_fund" class="lllkey">Gold mutual fund</A>
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<span>A <A href="m.php#mutual_fund">mutual fund</A> that primarily invests in gold-mining companies' <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A>.</span>
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<A name="gold_standard" class="lllkey">Gold standard</A>
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<span>An international monetary system in which currencies are defined in terms of their gold content, and payment imbalances between countries are settled in gold. It was in effect from about 1870 to 1914.</span>
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<A name="goldbug" class="lllkey">Goldbug</A>
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<span><A href="a.php#analyst">Analysts</A> who recommends gold as an <A href="i.php#investment">investment</A>/<A href="h.php#hedge">hedge</A>.</span>
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<A name="golden_handcuffs" class="lllkey">Golden handcuffs</A>
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<span>A <A href="c.php#contract">contract</A> that binds a <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A> to a brokerage firm by offering the <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A> <A href="c.php#commission">commissions</A> and bonuses, but penalizes the <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A> if he or she goes to work for another firm.</span>
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<A name="golden_handshake" class="lllkey">Golden handshake</A>
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<span>A large payment to a senior employee who is forced into retirement or fired as a result of a <A href="t.php#takeover">takeover</A> or simular development.</span>
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<A name="golden_hello" class="lllkey">Golden hello</A>
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<span>A bonus a <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> firm pays to attract an employee from a competing firm.</span>
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<A name="golden_parachute" class="lllkey">Golden parachute</A>
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<span>Compensation paid to top-level management by a <A href="t.php#target_company">target</A> firm if a <A href="t.php#takeover">takeover</A> occurs.</span>
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<A name="goldilocks_economy" class="lllkey">Goldilocks economy</A>
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<span>A term developed in the mid 1990s to describe the positive performance of the economy as "not too hot, not too cold; just right."</span>
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<A name="good_delivery" class="lllkey">Good delivery</A>
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<span>A <A href="d.php#delivery">delivery</A> in which everything - order-endorsement, any necessary attached legal papers.</span>
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<A name="good_delivery_and_settlement_procedures" class="lllkey">Good delivery and settlement procedures</A>
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<span>Refers to PSA Uniform Practices such as cutoff times on <A href="d.php#delivery">delivery </A> of <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> and notification, allocation, and proper endorsement.</span>
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<A name="good_faith_deposit" class="lllkey">Good faith deposit</A>
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<span>Used in the context of <A href="c.php#commodity">commodities</A>.  Refers to the initial <A href="m.php#margin_account">margin account</A> deposit needed when buying or selling a <A href="f.php#futures">futures</A> <A href="c.php#contract">contract</A>; approximately 2%-10% of the <A href="c.php#contract">contract</A> value.
<BR> 
Used in the context of <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> to describe the deposit required by <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> firms engaged in <A href="t.php#transaction">transactions</A> on behalf of a new client.
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Also used to refer to the deposit with a <A href="m.php#municipal_bond">municipal bond</A> <A href="i.php#issue">issuer</A> by firms competing for the <A href="u.php#underwriting">underwriting</A> business.</span>
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<A name="good_money" class="lllkey">Good money</A>
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<span>Federal funds that <A href="c.php#clear">clear</A> on the same day, unlike <A href="c.php#clearing_house_funds">clearinghouse funds</A>, which require three days to <A href="c.php#clear">clear</A>.</span>
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<A name="good_this_month_order" class="lllkey">Good-this-Month order (GTM)</A>
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<span>An <A href="o.php#order">order</A> to buy or sell <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> that continues to be a valid <A href="o.php#order">order</A> until the end of the current month.</span>
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<A name="good_through_until_date_order" class="lllkey">Good through/until date order</A>
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<span> Used in the context of general equities. <A href="m.php#market">Market</A> or <A href="l.php#limit_order">limited price order</A> that remains viable for a stated period of time unless<A href="c.php#cancel"> cancelled</A>, <A href="e.php#execution">executed</A>, or changed, after which such <A href="o.php#order">order</A> or the portion thereof not executed is to be treated as cancelled.</span>
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<A name="good_til_cancelled" class="lllkey">Good 'til cancelled order (GTC)</A>
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<span>An <A href="o.php#order">order</A> to <A href="b.php#buy">buy</A> or sell <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> that is good until you <A href="e.php#execution">execute</A> or  <A href="c.php#cancel">cancel</A> it. Brokerages usually set a limit of 30-60 days, at which the G.T.C. order expires if not restated. (Different from a <A href="d.php#day_order">day order.)</A></span>
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<A name="goodwill" class="lllkey">Goodwill</A>
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<span>Excess of purchase price over fair <A href="m.php#market_value">market value</A> of net <A href="a.php#asset">assets</A> acquired under the purchase method of accounting.</span>
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<A name="government_bond" class="lllkey">Government bond</A>
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<span>See: <A href="g.php#government_securities">Government securities</A></span>
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<A name="government_national_mortgage_association" class="lllkey">Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae)</A>
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<span>A wholly owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing &amp; Urban Development. Ginnie Mae guarantees the timely payment of <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> and interest on <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> <A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> by approved servicers that are <A href="c.php#collateralized_mortgage_obligation">collateralized</A> by FHA-issued, VA-guaranteed, or Farmers Home Administration (FmHA)-guaranteed <A href="m.php#mortgage">mortgages</A>. </span>
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<A name="government_obligations" class="lllkey">Government obligations</A>
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<span>U.S. government-backed <A href="d.php#debt_instrument">debt instruments</A>, which are considered among the safest <A href="i.php#investment">investments</A> possible, including <A href="t.php#treasury">Treasury</A> bonds, bills, and <A href="n.php#note">notes</A>, and savings bonds.</span>
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<A name="government_securities" class="lllkey">Government securities</A>
<br>
		
<span>Negotiable <A href="u.php#us_treasury_bill">U.S. Treasury</A> <A href="s.php#security">securities</A>.</span>
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<A name="government_sponsored_enterprises" class="lllkey">Government sponsored enterprises</A>
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<span>Privately owned, publicly chartered entities, such as the Student Loan Marketing Association, created by Congress to reduce the <A href="c.php#cost_of_capital">cost of capital</A> for certain borrowing sectors of the economy including farmers, homeowners, and students.</span>
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<A name="governments" class="lllkey">Governments</A>
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<span>U.S. government-<A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> <A href="s.php#security">securities</A>, such as <A href="t.php#treasury">Treasury</A> bills, <A href="b.php#bond">bonds</A>, and <A href="n.php#note">notes</A>, and savings bonds. Governments are considered among the safest <A href="i.php#investment">investments</A> available as they are backed by the U.S. government.
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Also used to refer to <A href="d.php#debt">debt</A> <A href="i.php#issue">issues</A> of federal agencies, which are not directly backed by the U.S. government.</span>
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<A name="grace_period" class="lllkey">Grace period</A>
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<span>The time period stipulated in most loan <A href="c.php#contract">contracts</A> and insurance policies during which a late payment will not result in <A href="d.php#default">default</A> or <A href="c.php#cancel">cancellation</A>.</span>
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<A name="graduated_call_writing" class="lllkey">Graduated call writing</A>
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<span>Selling <A href="c.php#covered_call">covered call</A> options at incrementally rising <A href="e.php#exercise_price">exercise prices</A>, so that as the price of the <A href="u.php#underlying">underlying</A> <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> rises and the  <A href="o.php#option">options</A> are <A href="e.php#exercise">exercised</A>, the seller receives a higher average price than the original <A href="e.php#exercise_price">exercise price</A>.</span>
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<A name="graduated_lease" class="lllkey">Graduated lease</A>
<br>
		
<span>A type of <A href="l.php#long_term">long-term</A> lease whose payments are variable rather than fixed, and depend upon a <A href="b.php#benchmark">benchmark</A> rate, such as changes in the <A href="c.php#consumer_price_index">consumer price index</A>.</span>
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<A name="graduated_payment" class="lllkey">Graduated payment</A>
<br>
		
<span>Repayment terms calling for gradual increases in the payments on a closed-end obligation. A graduated payment loan usually involves negative amortization.</span>
<br>
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<A name="graduated_payment_mortgages" class="lllkey">Graduated-payment mortgage (GPM)</A>
<br>
		
<span>A type of stepped-payment loan in which the borrower's payments are initially lower than those on a comparable level-rate <A href="m.php#mortgage">mortgage</A>. The payments gradually increase over a predetermined period (usually 3, 5, or 7 years), and then are fixed at a <A href="l.php#level_pay">level-pay</A> schedule, which will be higher than the level-pay <A href="a.php#amortization">amortization</A> of a level-pay mortgage originated at the same time. The difference between what the borrower actually pays and the amount required to fully amortize the mortgage is added to the unpaid <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> balance.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="graduated_security" class="lllkey">Graduated security</A>
<br>
		
<span>A  <A href="s.php#security">security</A> that has moved from listing on an <A href="e.php#exchange">exchange</A> of less prominence to one of more prominence.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="graham_and_dodd_method_of_investing" class="lllkey">Graham and Dodd method of investing</A>
<br>
		
<span>An  <A href="i.php#investment">investment strategy</A> based on <A href="s.php#security">security</A> analysis and identification.  Investors buy <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> with undervalued <A href="a.php#asset">assets</A> speculating that these <A href="a.php#asset">assets</A> will appreciate to their true value.</span>
<br>
<br>  
	
		
<A name="graham_harvey_measure_1" class="lllkey">Graham-Harvey Measure 1</A>
<br>
		
<span>Performance measure developed by John Graham and Campbell Harvey. The idea is to lever a fund's <A href="p.php#portfolio">portfolio</A> to exactly match the <A href="v.php#volatility">volatility</A> of the <A href="s.php#s_and_p">S&amp;P</A> 500. The difference between the fund's levered <A href="r.php#return">return</A> and the <A href="s.php#s_and_p">S&amp;P</A> 500 return is the <A href="p.php#performance_measurement">performance measure</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="graham_harvey_measure_2" class="lllkey">Graham-Harvey Measure 2</A>
<br>
		
<span>Performance measure developed by John Graham and Campbell Harvey. The idea is to lever the <A href="s.php#s_and_p">S&amp;P</A> 500 portfolio to exactly match the <A href="v.php#volatility">volatility</A> of the fund. The difference between the fund's <A href="r.php#return">return</A> and the levered <A href="s.php#s_and_p">S&amp;P</A> 500 return is the performance measure.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="grandfathered_activities" class="lllkey">Grandfathered activities</A>
<br>
		
<span>Nonbank activities, some of which would normally not be permissible for bank holding companies and foregin banks in the United States, but which were acquired or engaged in before a particular date. Such activities may be continued under the "grandfather" clauses of the Bank Holding Company Act and the International Banking Act.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="grandfather_clause" class="lllkey">Grandfather clause</A>
<br>
		
<span>A provision included in a new rule or regulation that exempts a business that is already conducting business in the area addressed by the regulation from penalty or restriction.</span>
<br>
<br>  
	
		
<A name="grant" class="lllkey">Grant </A>
<br>
		
<span>The issuance of an award under a stock plan, such as a <A href="">stock</A> option or shares of <A href="r.php#restricted_stock">restricted stock</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="grant_date" class="lllkey">Grant Date </A>
<br>
		
<span>The date on which an <A href="">option</A> or other award is granted.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="grantor" class="lllkey">Grantor</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="t.php#traders">trader</A> in the  <A href="o.php#option">options</A> <A href="m.php#market">market</A> who makes <A href="p.php#premium_income">premium income</A> by selling  <A href="o.php#option">options</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="grantor_retained__income_trust" class="lllkey">Grantor Retained Income Trust (GRIT)</A>
<br>
		
<span>A tax-saving <A href="t.php#trust">trust</A> in which a grantor transfers property to a <A href="b.php#beneficiary">beneficiary</A>, but receives income until termination, at which time the beneficiary begins receiving the income.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="grantor_trust" class="lllkey">Grantor trust</A>
<br>
		
<span>A mechanism of <A href="i.php#issue">issuing</A> <A href="m.php#mortgage_backed_securities">MBS</A> wherein the mortgages' <A href="c.php#collateral">collateral</A> is deposited with a trustee under a <A href="c.php#custodian_bank">custodial</A> or trust agreement. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="graveyard_market" class="lllkey">Graveyard market</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="b.php#bear_market">Bear market</A> in which <A href="i.php#investor">investors</A> who sell are faced with substantial losses, while potential investors prefer to stay <A href="l.php#liquidation">liquid;</A> that is, to keep their money in cash or cash equivalents until <A href="m.php#market">market</A> conditions improve.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gray_knight" class="lllkey">Gray knight</A>
<br>
		
<span>In a <A href="m.php#merger">merger</A> or <A href="a.php#acquisition">acquisitions</A>, a gray knight is an acquiring company that outbids a <A href="w.php#white_knight">white knight</A> in pursuit of its own best interests, although it is friendlier than a <A href="h.php#hostile_takeover">hostile bidder</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="grey_list" class="lllkey">Gray list</A>
<br>
		
<span>Formal roster of <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> that can be traded by the <A href="b.php#block_trade">block</A> desks, but not in <A href="r.php#risk_arbitrage">risk arbitrage</A> because an investment bank is involved with the company on nonpublic activity (e.g., <A href="m.php#merger">mergers</A> and <A href="a.php#acquisition">acquisitions</A> defense).  A stock's presence on this list should never be conveyed to anyone outside the trading area, much less outside the firm.  See: <A href="r.php#restricted">Restricted list</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gray_market" class="lllkey">Gray market</A>
<br>
		
<span>Describes the sale of <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> that have not officially been <A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> to firms other than the <A href="u.php#underwriting_syndicate">underwriting syndicate</A>. This type of <A href="m.php#market">market</A> serves as a good indicator of demand for a new <A href="i.php#issue">issue</A> in the public <A href="m.php#market">market</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="great_call" class="lllkey">Great call</A>
<br>
		
<span> Used in the context of general equities. Potential customer who may have an interest in participating in a particular <A href="t.php#trade">trade</A> if customer's past <A href="i.php#inquiry">inquiry</A> or activity is any indication.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="greater_fool_theory" class="lllkey">Greater fool theory</A>
<br>
		
<span>An <A href="i.php#investment">investment</A> notion that even when a <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> is fully valued by conventional standards, there is room for upward movement because there are enough buyers to push prices farther upward purely on speculation or hype.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="greenmail" class="lllkey">Greenmail</A>
<br>
		
<span>The holding of a large block of <A href="s.php#stock">stock</A> of a target company by an unfriendly company, with the object of forcing the <A href="t.php#target_company">target company</A> to repurchase the stock at a substantial <A href="p.php#premium">premium</A> to prevent a <A href="t.php#takeover">takeover</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="greenshoe_option" class="lllkey">Greenshoe option</A>
<br>
		
<span>&nbsp;<A href="o.php#option">Option</A> that allows the <A href="u.php#underwriter">underwriter</A> for a new <A href="i.php#issue">issue</A> to <A href="b.php#buy">buy</A> and resell additional <A href="s.php#shares">shares</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_per_broker" class="lllkey">Gross per broker</A>
<br>
		
<span>The dollar amount of <A href="c.php#commission">commissions</A> generated by a <A href="b.php#broker">broker</A> or <A href="r.php#registered_representative">registered representative</A> over a specific period.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_domestic_product" class="lllkey">Gross domestic product (GDP)</A>
<br>
		
<span>The <A href="m.php#market_value">market value</A> of goods and services produced over time including the income of foreign corporations and foreign residents working in the U.S., but excluding the income of U.S. residents and corporations overseas.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_earnings" class="lllkey">Gross earnings</A>
<br>
		
<span>A person's total <A href="t.php#taxable_income">taxable income</A> prior to adjustments.  See: <A href="a.php#adjusted_gross_income">adjusted gross income</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_estate" class="lllkey">Gross estate</A>
<br>
		
<span>The total value of a person's property and <A href="a.php#asset">assets</A> before accounting for <A href="d.php#debt">debts</A>, taxes, and <A href="l.php#liability">liabilities</A>.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="gross_income" class="lllkey">Gross income</A>
<br>
		
<span>A person's total income prior to exclusions and <A href="d.php#deduction">deductions</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_interest" class="lllkey">Gross interest</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="i.php#interest">Interest</A> earned before taxes are deducted.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_lease" class="lllkey">Gross lease</A>
<br>
		
<span>A type of property lease in which the lessor (owner of the property being leased) pays expenses associated with ownership such as damages, taxes, and insurance.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_national_product" class="lllkey">Gross National Product (GNP)</A>
<br>
		
<span>Measures and economy's total income. It is equal to <A href="g.php#gross_national_product">G.D.P.</A> plus the income abroad accruing to domestic residents minus income generated in <A href="d.php#domestic_market">domestic market</A> accruing to non-residents.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_parity" class="lllkey">Gross parity</A>
<br>
		
<span>Applies mainly to convertible securities and international equities. Antithesis of <A href="n.php#net_parity">net parity</A>. For the price of a convertible, including <A href="a.php#accrued_interest">accrued interest</A>. For the price of international <A href="s.php#security">security</A>, including commissions, fees, <A href="s.php#stamp_duty">stamp duty</A>, and other transaction costs, translated into U.S. dollar amounts.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_profit" class="lllkey">Gross profit</A>
<br>
		
<span>Sales minus the <A href="c.php#cost_of_goods_sold">cost of goods sold</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_profit_margin" class="lllkey">Gross profit margin</A>
<br>
		
<span>Gross profit divided by sales, which is equal to each sales dollar left over after paying for the cost of goods sold.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_sales" class="lllkey">Gross sales</A>
<br>
		
<span>Total sales calculated by summing all sales at invoice values, neglecting any adjustments such as customer discounts or <A href="r.php#return">returns</A>.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="gross_spread" class="lllkey">Gross spread</A>
<br>
		
<span>The fraction of the gross proceeds of an <A href="u.php#underwrite">underwritten</A> <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> <A href="o.php#offerings">offering</A> that is paid as compensation to the <A href="u.php#underwriter">underwriters</A> of the offering.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gross_weight" class="lllkey">Gross Weight</A>
<br>
		
<span>The full weight (including goods and packaging) of shipment.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="ground_lease" class="lllkey">Ground lease</A>
<br>
		
<span>A lease of land, as opposed to a lease of a building.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_insurance" class="lllkey">Group insurance</A>
<br>
		
<span>Insurance coverage for a group, which can usually be obtained at a cheaper rate than insurance for an individual.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_of_eight" class="lllkey">Group of Eight (G-8)</A>
<br>
		
<span>The <A href="g.php#group_of_seven">G-7</A> countries plus Russia.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_of_five" class="lllkey">Group of Five (G-5)</A>
<br>
		
<span>The five leading countries (France, Germany, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S.) that meet periodically to achieve some cooperative effort on international economic issues. When currency <A href="i.php#issue">issues</A> are discussed, the monetary authorities of these nations hold the meeting.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_of_seven" class="lllkey">Group of Seven (G-7)</A>
<br>
		
<span>The <A href="g.php#group_of_five">G-5</A> countries plus Canada and Italy.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_of_ten" class="lllkey">Group of Ten</A>
<br>
		
<span>A group of the ten major industrialized countries whose mission is to create a more stable world economic <A href="t.php#trade">trading</A> environment through monetary and fiscal policies. The ten are Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="group_rotation" class="lllkey">Group rotation</A>
<br>
		
<span>The tendency of <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> in one <A href="s.php#sector">sector</A> of the <A href="m.php#market">market</A> to outperform and then underperform other industries, usually as a result of economic cycles or the conditions in  a particular industry.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_rotation_manager" class="lllkey">Group rotation manager</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="t.php#top_down_equity_management_style">top-down manager</A> who deduces the phases of the business cycle and allocates <A href="a.php#asset">assets</A> accordingly.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="group_sales" class="lllkey">Group sales</A>
<br>
		
<span>Block sale (of large amounts) of <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> to <A href="i.php#institutional_investors">institutional investors</A>.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="group_universal_life_policy" class="lllkey">Group Universal Life Policy (GULP)</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="u.php#universal_life">Universal life</A> insurance on a group basis.  See: <A href="g.php#group_insurance">Group insurance</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growing_equity_mortgage" class="lllkey">Growing Equity Mortgage (GEM)</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="m.php#mortgage">Mortgage</A> with a fixed <A href="i.php#interest_rate">interest rate</A> and payments that increase throughout the term of the <A href="m.php#mortgage">mortgage</A>.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="growing_perpetuity" class="lllkey">Growing perpetuity</A>
<br>
		
<span>A constant stream of <A href="c.php#cash_flow">cash flows</A> without end that is expected to rise indefinitely.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_fund" class="lllkey">Growth fund</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="m.php#mutual_fund">mutual fund</A> that invests primarily in <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> with a history of and future potential for <A href="c.php#capital_gain">capital gains</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_and_income_fund" class="lllkey">Growth and income fund</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="m.php#mutual_fund">mutual fund</A> that invests primarily in <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> with a history of <A href="c.php#capital_gain">capital gains</A> (growth) and consistent <A href="d.php#dividend">dividend</A> payments (income).</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_manager" class="lllkey">Growth manager</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="m.php#money_manager">money manager</A> who seeks to <A href="b.php#buy">buy</A> <A href="s.php#stock">stocks</A> that typically sell at relatively high <A href="p.php#p_e_ratio">P/E ratios</A> due to high <A href="e.php#earnings">earnings</A> growth, with the expectation of continued high or higher earnings growth.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_opportunity" class="lllkey">Growth opportunity</A>
<br>
		
<span>Opportunity to invest in profitable projects.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_phase" class="lllkey">Growth phase</A>
<br>
		
<span>A phase of development during which a company experiences rapid <A href="e.php#earnings">earnings</A> growth as it produces new products and expands <A href="m.php#market">market</A> share.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_rates" class="lllkey">Growth rates </A>
<br>
		
<span>Compound annual growth rate for the number of full fiscal years shown. If there is a negative or zero value for the first or last year, the growth is N.M. (not meaningful). </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="growth_stock" class="lllkey">Growth stock</A>
<br>
		
<span><A href="c.php#common_stock">Common stock</A> of a company that has an opportunity to invest money and earn more than the <A href="o.php#opportunity_cost_of_capital">opportunity cost of capital</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guarantee" class="lllkey">Guarantee</A>
<br>
		
<span>The assumption of responsibility for payment of a <A href="d.php#debt">debt</A> or performance of some obligation if the liable party fails to perform to expectations.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guarantee_fee" class="lllkey">Guarantee Fee</A>
<br>
		
<span>A sum paid by the importer to the guarantor, usually as a percentage per annum of the <A href="f.php#face_value">face value</A> of the bills or notes being guaranteed. 
</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guarantee_letter" class="lllkey">Guarantee letter</A>
<br>
		
<span>A commercial bank's letter assuring payment of the <A href="e.php#exercise_price">exercise price</A> of a client's  <A href="p.php#put_option">put option</A>.</span>
<br>
<br> 
	
		
<A name="guaranteed_bond" class="lllkey">Guaranteed bond</A>
<br>
		
<span>A type of <A href="b.php#bond">bond</A> for which a firm other than the <A href="i.php#issue">issuer</A> guarantees its <A href="i.php#interest">interest</A> and <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> payments.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guaranteed_insurability" class="lllkey">Guaranteed insurability</A>
<br>
		
<span>A life and health insurance policy feature that enables the insured to add coverage at future times and at fixed and agreed-upon rates regardless of health conditions.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guaranteed_insurance_contract" class="lllkey">Guaranteed insurance contract</A>
<br>
		
<span>A <A href="c.php#contract">contract</A> promising a stated <A href="n.php#nominal_interest_rate">nominal interest rate</A> over some specific time period, usually several years.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guaranteed_investment_contract" class="lllkey">Guaranteed investment contract (GIC)</A>
<br>
		
<span>&nbsp;A pure investment product in which a life company agrees, for a single <A href="p.php#premium">premium</A>, to pay at a maturity date the <A href="p.php#principal">principal</A> amount of a predetermined annual <A href="c.php#crediting_rate">crediting (interest) rate</A> over the life of the investment.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guaranteed_mortgage_certificate" class="lllkey">Guaranteed Mortgage Certificates (GMC)</A>
<br>
		
<span>First <A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> by <A href="f.php#freddie_mac">Freddie Mac</A> in 1975, G.M.C.s, like PCs, represent undivided interest in specified <A href="c.php#conventional_mortgage">conventional</A> whole loans and <A href="p.php#participation_certificates">participations</A> previously purchased by <A href="f.php#freddie_mac">Freddie Mac</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guardian" class="lllkey">Guardian </A>
<br>
		
<span>An individual or trust institution appointed by a court to care for a minor 
or an incompetent person and his or her property.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guranteed_renewable_policy_insurance" class="lllkey">Guaranteed renewable policy insurance</A>
<br>
		
<span>A type of <A href="i.php#insurance_policy">insurance policy</A> that requires the insurer to renew the policy to an individual regardless of health changes.  No changes may be made to an individual policyholder unless the same change is applied to all policyholders.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guranteed_replacement_cost_coverage_insurance" class="lllkey">Guaranteed replacement cost coverage insurance</A>
<br>
		
<span>A policy that covers the full cost of replacing damaged property without any allowances or <A href="d.php#deduction">deductions</A>, e.g., <A href="d.php#depreciation">depreciation</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guaranteeing" class="lllkey">Guaranteeing/ Avalising Bank</A>
<br>
		
<span> The person, bank, or financial entity who gives the <A href="g.php#guarantee">guarantee</A> for the importer. </span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="guarantor_program" class="lllkey">Guarantor program</A>
<br>
		
<span>Under the <A href="f.php#freddie_mac">Freddie Mac</A> program, the aggregation by a single<A href="i.php#issuer"> issuer</A> (usually an S&amp;L) for the purpose of forming a qualifying pool to be <A href="i.php#issue">issued</A> as PCs under the <A href="f.php#freddie_mac">Freddie Mac</A> guarantee.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gun_jumping" class="lllkey">Gun jumping</A>
<br>
		
<span>In the context of <A href="s.php#security">securities</A> <A href="t.php#trade">trading</A>, refers to <A href="t.php#trade">trading</A> in a  <A href="s.php#security">security</A> on the basis of information that has not been made available to the public. The illegal solicitation of buy <A href="o.php#order">orders</A> in an <A href="u.php#underwriting">underwriting</A> before completion and finalization of <A href="s.php#s.e.c.">Securities and Exchange Commission</A> registration.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
		
<A name="gunslinger" class="lllkey">Gunslinger</A>
<br>
		
<span>An aggressive <A href="p.php#portfolio_manager">portfolio manager</A> who makes <A href="r.php#risk">risky</A> <A href="i.php#investment">investments</A>, typically in <A href="m.php#margin_account">margin accounts</A>, in search of high <A href="r.php#return">returns</A>.</span>
<br>
<br>
	
<br><p>
Compiled for <a href="http://www.bloomberg.com">Bloomberg</a> by 
<a href="http://www.duke.edu/~charvey">Campbell R. Harvey</a>, 
J. Paul Sticht Professor of International Business, 
Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, USA
<br>

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